Israel’s voters have delivered a result that neither side can easily call a victory. With most ballots counted, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s bloc is projected to hold about 53 seats, the opposition bloc led by Gadi Eisenkot about 48, and Arab-led parties 19. A majority requires 61 seats. The final count could shift the numbers, but the central problem is already clear: no side has an obvious path to govern.
Now the campaign gives way to bargaining. Netanyahu has called for a right-wing government. Eisenkot says the public voted for change. Yet each potential coalition carries a price that could fracture the very bloc trying to build it. Four scenarios are emerging—and none promises a quick or easy resolution.
1. Netanyahu Finds Defectors Or A Way To Assemble A Majority
Netanyahu’s most direct route would be to bring enough lawmakers from outside his bloc into the coalition, or persuade them to support a government from the sidelines. With his bloc projected at 53 seats, he needs eight more for a majority.
That is a steep climb. Members of the opposition entered the election promising a change of government, and defecting to rescue Netanyahu would expose them to a furious response from their voters. Still, Israeli politics is built on negotiation, and a lawmaker’s calculations can change when the alternative is another election—or when a specific deal offers a way to address urgent national concerns.
Netanyahu could also seek support through narrower agreements rather than a full coalition partnership. A party might back a government on confidence votes or key legislation without joining the cabinet. But such an arrangement would leave the government vulnerable whenever the parties disagree. A narrow majority assembled through personal defections or conditional support could be born with a short fuse.
This outcome would let Netanyahu argue that he had turned his bloc’s lead into a governing mandate. But the arithmetic would make clear that his government depended on more than the voters who backed his existing partners. The question would be whether those partners could tolerate compromises needed to keep it alive.
2. An Opposition Government Turns To Arab Parties
The opposition bloc and the Arab-led parties together have enough seats, on the preliminary count, to cross the 61-seat threshold. That makes them the most obvious alternative source of votes—and the most politically explosive one.
Some opposition figures have already urged their bloc to work with Arab parties. But cooperation is not a simple matter of adding seats. The opposition includes parties with sharply different views on security, the Palestinians, the judiciary and the future direction of the country. Several have rejected relying on Arab parties, while Arab leaders would seek influence over policy in return for their support.
The arrangement could take more than one form. Arab parties might join a coalition, support it from outside, or agree to back a government on selected votes. Each option would bring its own disputes over what that support means and what the government would be expected to deliver.
Such a government could remove Netanyahu from power, but it would begin under pressure to prove that it can govern across deep divisions. Its opponents would present it as a government dependent on parties they regard as hostile to Israel’s national interests. Its supporters would argue that Arab citizens voted in record numbers and deserve a voice in the country’s political decisions. Those arguments would not disappear on the day a coalition is sworn in; they would become part of the coalition’s daily survival test.
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